Published papers

Flexible Static Cosmology

Journal of Modern Physics, 17(9), 1098–1132 (2026)

The fourth paper in the K(t) series and the one that names the framework: Flexible Static Cosmology (FLSC). Earlier papers showed redshift and the CMB spectrum don't require expansion. This one supplies the gravitational closure in ordinary general relativity, starting from a finite material domain instead of assuming the standard cosmological geometry.

The result: Robertson-Walker geometry, the backbone of modern cosmology, is derived step by step rather than assumed. The same math long read as expanding space falls out of a finite, flexible static universe.

Cosmological Redshift Without Expansion

Physics Essays, 39, 267–272 (2026)

Redshift, supernova time dilation, and Tolman surface brightness dimming are the three classical tests that ruled out static cosmologies. Every prior alternative failed at least one: tired light had no time dilation, and Milne's kinematic cosmology left surface brightness ambiguous.

This is the first non-expansion framework to pass all three at once, using a cumulative motion kernel K(t) with no new parameters or new physics. Expansion was never directly observed; it was inferred as the only framework that could pass these tests. That inference is now broken. K(t) has gone through seven referees, two journals, and three published papers. It solves tired light, puts the static universe back on the table, and shows expansion is a choice of interpretation, not a conclusion forced by the data.

Cosmic Microwave Background Without Expansion

Journal of Modern Physics, 17(1), 22–48 (2026)

Fritz Zwicky proposed tired light in 1929. It was buried not because expansion was proven, but because energy loss was believed to ruin the CMB's blackbody spectrum. For sixty years the CMB was treated as the final proof of expansion and the Big Bang.

This paper shows the exact blackbody spectrum survives without expansion. Expansion is consistent with the CMB but not required by it, reducing the CMB from proof to sufficiency and making static models viable again at the background level.

JWST Timing Constraints in a Non-Expansion Redshift Framework

Journal of Modern Physics (April 2026)

Proves CMB angular anisotropies cannot distinguish expansion from non-expansion redshift at the transport level, and sets JWST early-galaxy timing as an empirical constraint on the kernel. A third confirmation that expansion is sufficient but not uniquely required.

A Liouville Invariance Theorem for Blackbody Spectrum Preservation

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 14(7) (2026)

The spectral argument from the CMB paper, stripped to its logical core with no cosmological model attached. It proves that collisionless Liouville transport under a uniform, frequency-independent redshift preserves a blackbody spectrum exactly, with the temperature, number density, and energy density scalings following as consequences.

The result stands on its own: it can be checked in an afternoon and does not depend on accepting anything else in the program.

Black hole singularities and the limits of the spacetime continuum

European Physical Journal Plus, Springer Nature (2026)

Since Schwarzschild in 1916, singularities have been treated as either physically real or a problem for quantum gravity. Penrose and Hawking proved they are unavoidable under certain conditions, but never addressed what physically happens when one forms. Steel yields and crystals shatter; spacetime was the one continuum never asked when it breaks.

This paper introduces a dimensionless curvature invariant that marks spacetime failure when it reaches unity, the way a material fails at its yield point. It is the first formal mechanical failure criterion for spacetime ever published. Every external prediction of general relativity is unchanged.

Einstein's second postulate: sufficient but not necessary

International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 18 March 2026

Special relativity is usually built on the constancy of the speed of light. This paper derives the Lorentz transformations from symmetry principles alone, with light entering only when experiment identifies the invariant speed. The second postulate is sufficient, not necessary, which clears up a long-standing confusion for students.

Strong Equivalence Principle: Violations without Failure

Schrödinger: Journal of Physics Education, 6(4), December 2025

Students assume a theory that violates the Strong Equivalence Principle must fail the classical tests of gravity. Using Brans-Dicke theory as the counterexample, this paper shows SEP is sufficient but not necessary for light deflection, Shapiro delay, and perihelion advance. The first framework built to teach that distinction.

The Constructibility Principle

Philosophy and Cosmology, Volume 36 (2026)

Popper's falsifiability and Lakatos's research programmes break down for models like eternal inflation, many-worlds, and anthropic reasoning that never touch testable ground. This paper proposes a filter that comes before both: what cannot be built cannot be claimed. The first systematic demarcation tool for fields where direct test is permanently out of reach.

The strange consolation of AI ethics

AI & Society, Springer Nature, 8 November 2025

AI companies simulate care and announce ethics boards that rarely stop a launch. When ethics is performed instead of enforced, accountability disappears and harm is addressed only after the fact.